Carpintero and Josep Maciá, features mostly new essays by contributors such as
نویسندگان
چکیده
“species can be regarded as nature-given and not as language-constituted natural kinds.” His analysis is somewhat complex and given through a short history of the notion of species, distinguishing morphological species, typological species and species as populations. Concerning species as populations the author observes that, unlike typological species (and morphological ones), a species conceived as a population is a kind of spatiotemporal particular. An important distinction relevant to the analysis of the notion of species is made between nominal, real-prototypical, and ideal-prototypical terms. The details of the distinction are important. Here we should mention the author’s comment that normativity is not involved in the idea of real-prototypicality, nor in the idea of ideal-prototypicality. He is right. But it must also be said that he does not take into adequate consideration the presence of (partially) normative concepts in medicine. The main reason is that he does not deal with the general notion of disease, nor with its correlate, health. Introducing anatomy as one of the scientific partonomies, the author discusses natural and fiat boundaries, part relations, taxonomies of parts, dependence relations, the role of taxonomies and partonomies in science and their epistemological and ontological relevance. As should be clear from this review, the book is thorough, quite well organized, deep and original in its conceptual analysis, and provides the essential medical information the reader needs. Notwithstanding the few aforementioned gaps, it is probably the most comprehensive book that has been written about medicine and philosophy.
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تاریخ انتشار 2009